In Vitro Screening for Probiotic Properties of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium Strains in Assays Relevant for Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Prevention

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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a multifactorial metabolic disorder that poses health challenges worldwide and is expected to continue to rise dramatically. NAFLD is associated with metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and impaired gut health. Increased gut permeability, caused by disturbance of tight junction proteins, allows passage of damaging microbial components that, upon reaching the liver, have been proposed to trigger the release of inflammatory cytokines and generate cellular stress. A growing body of research has suggested the utilization of targeted probiotic supplements as a preventive therapy to improve gut barrier function and tight junctions. Furthermore, specific microbial interactions and metabolites induce the secretion of hormones such as GLP-1, resulting in beneficial effects on liver health. To increase the likelihood of finding beneficial probiotic strains, we set up a novel screening platform consisting of multiple in vitro and ex vivo assays for the screening of 42 bacterial strains. Analysis of transepithelial electrical resistance response via co-incubation of the 42 bacterial strains with human colonic cells (Caco-2) revealed improved barrier integrity. Then, strain-individual metabolome profiling was performed revealing species-specific clusters. GLP-1 secretion assay with intestinal secretin tumor cell line (STC-1) found at least seven of the strains tested capable of enhancing GLP-1 secretion in vitro. Gene expression profiling in human biopsy-derived intestinal organoids was performed using next generation sequencing transcriptomics post bacterial co-incubation. Here, different degrees of immunomodulation by the increase in certain cytokine and chemokine transcripts were found. Treatment of mouse primary hepatocytes with selected highly produced bacterial metabolites revealed that indole metabolites robustly inhibited de novo lipogenesis. Collectively, through our comprehensive bacterial screening pipeline, not previously ascribed strains from both Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium genera were proposed as potential probiotics based on their ability to increase epithelial barrier integrity and immunity, promote GLP-1 secretion, and produce metabolites relevant to liver health.

OriginalsprogEngelsk
Artikelnummer2361
TidsskriftNutrients
Vol/bind15
Udgave nummer10
Antal sider23
ISSN2072-6643
DOI
StatusUdgivet - 2023

Bibliografisk note

Funding Information:
This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement number 813781. The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research is an independent research center based at the University of Copenhagen, Denmark, and partially funded by an unconditional donation from the Novo Nordisk Foundation (grant number NNF18CC0034900).

Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 by the authors.

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